EVALUATION OF PHARMACIST’S INTERVENTION ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY MODIFICATIONS IN A TERTIARY HEALTH FACILITY IN NIGERIA
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ABSTRACT
Hypertension is a major public health problem, which is growing in prevalence and poorly controlled worldwide. The prevalence is high in Nigeria and there is generally low level of awareness and practices of lifestyle and diet modification measures. The study was conducted from August 2016 to April 2017 to assess patient‘s knowledge, attitude and practices of lifestyle and diet at the University of Maiduguri teaching hospital (UMTH). Patients attending the cardiology unit and the general outpatient department (GOPD) of the hospital were identified and patients were enrolled as they consent after informing them of the research protocol. A multiphasic interventional study was used to determine knowledge, attitude and practices of lifestyle and diet in patients with respect to lifestyle and diet. This was achieved by administering questionnaire before and after prospective counselling and education on lifestyle and diet on clinic days and via reminder phone calls. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Three hundred and eight (308) patients were enrolled, out of which two hundred and eighty six (286) concluded the study giving a response rate of 92.8%. The majority of the respondents fell within the 40- 49 years (86, 30.1%) and 50-59 years (85, 29.7%) age groups. The females (51.7%) constituted a significant majority in the study. Kanuri (35.7%) ethnic group made up a larger percentage in the study. The majority of respondents had no formal education (109, 38.1%) and the unemployed constituted 39.9% of the study. At the start of the study 37.8% and 24.8% had blood pressure levels in stages 1 and 2 respectively. The mean systolic blood pressure was 144.2±20.4 and the median scores of knowledge, attitude and practices were 3, 1 and 1 respectively. There were associations between socio demographic characteristics, time of intervention and blood pressure control. Females, patients within viii the >50 years age group and those with formal education had significant blood pressure control. The results of this study indicates that patients need more advice and counselling on lifestyle and dietary modifications. Therefore, clinicians and health educators should give adequate and relevant information on the value of lifestyle and dietary modifications in the control of blood pressure.
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